FREE ESSAY ON THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS

The American Renaissance is a time that American writers received more recognition as to
the quality of their works. Before this time scholars looked upon the works of the artist
and writers in America were looked upon as secondary to the across the Atlantic. The
novelist Gustave de Beaumont warned Europeans not to 'look for poetry, literature, or
fine arts in this country'. (McQuade et al pg. 462) When one of the proprietors of the
North American Review first read young William Cullen Bryant's blank verse, Wordsworthian
Thanatopsis (1817), a poem subsequently hailed as the finest yet written in America, he
assumed the author was British: 'No one on this side of the Atlantic is capable of
writing such verse'. (462) The American Renaissance is also a time of Transcendentalism.
Transcendentalism is a form of relying on one's own intuition and conscious.
The American Renaissance is a period framed by two major events, the Panic of 1837 and
the Civil War. The American Renaissance also saw the rise in leadership from the
backwoods politicians Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln. Rises in the distinguishment
between social classes start in this period. By this time small groups of middle class
citizens had been formed. The American Renaissance is the time of the gold rush and the
ending of slavery. The American Renaissance is an important time in American history when
we get some of our greatest literary contributions to the world. 
Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Kentucky. He grew up under the
discipline of his father Thomas Lincoln and his mother Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Abe's mother
died when he was nine years old. He began to go to Andrew Crawford school at this age. He
knew his alphabet and could read a little but with difficulty. Lincoln went to school off
and on but read as he grew up. The Bible was Lincoln's main source of reading, but Abe
would borrow books from neighbors from time to time. In 1837 Lincoln became a lawyer and
1849 he was selected to congress. In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected the 16th president
of United States, and in 1864 wrote one of his greatest works; he wrote his Second
Inaugural Address. His Second Inaugural Address has a double purpose: to comment upon the
more striking events of the pending tragedy and to divine their meaning in the light of
religion. (Robinson 344). In the first part of the Second Inaugural Lincoln gives a
survey of the war. Lincoln briefly gives the motives and expectations of both sides. (p.
344) On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago. All thoughts were anxiously
directed to an impending civil-war . . . Both parties deprecated war; but one of them
would make war rather than let the nation survive; and the other would accept war rather
than let it perish. And the war came. (Lincoln Second Inaugural Address). In the second
part of the Address, Lincoln notes the amount of slaves in the Union in 1861 and he notes
that the slaves are in the Southern part of the Union. (Slagell p.155). Lincoln also
expresses his belief in slavery being the cause of the Civil War. As a whole, the passage
expresses the irony of a war that has both gone beyond and fallen short of the
expectations of both sides. (p. 160) In the third part of the Address Lincoln gives
instructions for the future based on the hope that the nation also has been reformed by
the war. With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, . . .
let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care
for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan-to do all
which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all
nations. (Lincoln) The duties that Lincoln lays out are in completing the present work,
healing the nation, caring for individuals, and establishing a just and lasting peace
(Slagell p.167) After delivering the Second Inaugural, some men criticized Lincoln for
not giving more attention to specific military details. Lincoln symbolically transforms
the Civil War from an occasion of terrible suffering to one of purification, from the
ultimate example of a nation 'divided against itself' to an event that exemplified the
nation's unity under God. (P. 169) He does so, moreover, with a rhetorical and literary
brilliance that has made the speech one of the most eloquent addresses in the English
language. (P. 169) Abraham Lincoln's thoughts were deeply grounded in scriptural text,
and his writings reflect this. Lincoln is a model of the Transcendentalist way of
thinking because he is a self-made man and he relied on his own intuition and conscious.
By incorporating the Bible and his own ideas into his writings, I think that this makes
Lincoln one of the greatest writers in American history
Bibliography
McQuade, Donald, et al. The Harper Single Volume American Literature. New York, NY: 1999
Slagell, Amy R. Anatomy of a Masterpiece: A close Textual Analysis of Abraham Lincoln's
Second Inaugural Address. Communication Studies vol.42 1991 pp. 155-171.
Robinson, Luther E. Abraham Lincoln as a Man of Letters 1918 *http://galenet.gale.com*.