FREE ESSAY ON REALISM AND NATURALISM

REALISM AND NATURALISM

Realism and Naturalism Jay P.
March 2, 1999
Period 3 
Erected during age of Transcendentalism during the mid 19th century until its 
plunge after the Civil War, Realism and Naturalism, were ideas that are brought up in 
philosophical thinking. Both Realism and Naturalism are logical concepts upon how to
describe the affects upon ones self and are popularly expressed through art and
literature.
Though they seem similar, they, in many ways, greatly differ from one another. An example
of these differences would be that their notions greatly contradict.
Realism is defined as the belief that it is the person's choices and actions that 
affect the outcome of that person, not the environment. This opposes the Naturalistic 
way of thinking which is that, it is the person's surroundings and environment in which 
affects the person's outcome.
Such examples of Realism in Literature would be that of Mark Twains The Man that
Corrupted Hadleyburg. In this story a stranger, once a poor gambler, drops off
forty-thousand dollars worth of gold, which he won from gambling, to a lady's house. And
for the lady to find the citizen of Hadleyburg who, long before, had given him twenty
dollars to start his life over again, to give him the sack of gold to compensate for the
citizens generosity. The lady (Mrs. Richards) deciding along with her husband to go
public with the story ends up corrupting the once, peaceful and honest town. This great
example of Realism fulfills the definition that it is the persons motive and action not
their environment that affects their fate, in contrast to Naturalism which contradicts
it.
Literature, in that era, were mostly Naturalistic stories, such great stories as Edith
Wharton's Ethan Frome and The Octopus. But, in opinion, the greatest expression of
Naturalism is that of Jack London's tales, specifically, London's story To Build a Fire.
In this story, describes his horrific experience in the arctic cold trying to catch up
with the "pack" enduring painful frostbites and numbness due to the "environment" only
surviving with building fires to keep him and his dog warm. Metaphorically, it is a man,
trying to conquer his environment i.e. "nature" whom his fate falls upon. This novel
expresses the definition of Naturalism that it is the environment, not the motive of the
person that affects his/her outcome.
In The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg it was the citizens decisions that determined the
fate of the town as well as the people. In To Build a Fire it was his fate that fell into
the hands of the environment to which it determined it. These two novels are great
expressions of Realism and Naturalism and how their ideas totally differ. But there other
great novels and authors such as Balzac and Drieser that express Realism and Naturalism
in many interesting ways. Realism and Naturalism was the leading forefront in
Transcendentalists ideas and literature as well as art. And similarly, with different
ideas, came about great novels.