FREE ESSAY ON OEDIPUS REX

OEDIPUS REX

At the start of the play, the city of Thebes is wasting away under a plague that leaves
its fields and women barren. Oedipus, king of Thebes, has sent his brother-in-law, Creon,
to ask the house of Apollo to ask the oracle how to put an end to the plague. Creon
returns, bearing good news: once the killer of the previous king, Laius, is found, Thebes
will be cured of the plague (Laius was Jocasta's husband before she married Oedipus).
Hearing this, Oedipus swears he will find the murderer and banish him. He asks Creon some
questions: where was Laius murdered? did anyone see the crime? how many men killed him?
Creon answers: Laius was killed outside the city by a group of robbers, and the only
witness was a shepherd who still lives nearby. Hearing this, Oedipus asks the people of
Thebes if any of them know any information about the king's death. The Chorus
(representing the people of Thebes) suggests that Oedipus consult Teiresias, the blind
prophet. Oedipus tells them that he has already sent for Teiresias. 
When Teiresias arrives, he seems reluctant to answer Oedipus's questions, warning him
that he does not want to know the answers. Oedipus threatens him with death, and finally
Teiresias tells him that Oedipus himself is the killer, and that his marriage is a sinful
union. Oedipus takes this as an insult and jumps to the conclusion that Creon paid
Teiresias to say these things. He also mocks Teiresias, telling him that he is no
prophet; a prophet should have been able to answer the Sphinx's riddle, but Oedipus
himself was the only one who could. Teiresias counters that although he has no sight,
Oedipus is the one who is blind to the truth. He asks him whose son he is and reminds him
of the curse on his parents' heads. He tells him that he will leave Thebes in shame.
Furious, Oedipus dismisses him, and Teiresias goes, repeating, as he does, that Laius's
killer is right here before him - a man who is his father's killer and his mother's
husband, a man who came seeing but will leave in blindness. 
Creon enters, asking the people around him if it is true that Oedipus slanderously
accused him. The Chorus tries to mediate, but Oedipus appears and charges Creon with
treason. The men fight until Jocasta, Oedipus's wife, arrives. They explain the nature of
their argument to Jocasta, who begs Oedipus to believe Creon. The Chorus also begs
Oedipus to be open-minded, and Oedipus unwillingly relents and allows Creon to go.
Jocasta asks Oedipus why he is so upset and he tells her what Teiresias prophesied.
Jocasta comforts him by telling him that there is no truth in oracles or prophets, and
she has proof. Long ago an oracle told Laius that his own son would kill him, and as a
result he and Jocasta gave their infant son to a shepherd to leave out on a hillside to
die with a pin through its ankles. Yet Laius was killed by robbers, not by his own son,
proof that the oracle was wrong. But something about her story troubles Oedipus; she said
that Laius was killed at a place where three roads meet, and this reminds Oedipus of an
incident from his past, when he killed a stranger at a place where three roads met. He
asks her to describe Laius, and her description matches his memory. Yet Jocasta tells him
that the only eyewitness to Laius's death swore that five robbers killed him. Oedipus
summons this witness. 
While they wait for the man to arrive, Jocasta asks Oedipus why he seems so troubled.
Oedipus tells her the story of his past. Once when he was young, a man he met told him
that he was not his father's son. He asked his parents about it, and they denied it.
Still it troubled him, and he eventually went to an oracle to ask. The oracle told him
that he would kill his father and marry his mother. This so frightened Oedipus that he
left his hometown and never returned. On his journeys, he came across a haughty man at a
crossroads and killed this man when he insulted him. Oedipus is afraid that the stranger
he killed might have been Laius. If this is the case, Oedipus will be forever banished
both from Thebes (the punishment he swore for the killer of Laius) and from Corinth, his
hometown (because he is afraid of killing his father and marrying his mother if he
returns). If this eyewitness will swear that robbers killed Laius, then Oedipus is free,
and this is what he prays will happen. Oedipus and Jocasta enter the castle to wait for
the witness. 
Jocasta comes back out of the castle, on her way to the holy temples to pray for Oedipus.
A messenger arrives from Corinth with the news that Oedipus's father Polybus is dead.
Overjoyed, Jocasta sends for Oedipus, glad that she has even more proof in the
uselessness of oracles. Oedipus rejoices, but then states that he is still afraid of the
rest of the oracle's prophecy: that he will marry his mother. The messenger assures him
that he need not fear approaching Corinth, since Merope, his mother, is not really his
mother, and for that matter, Polybus wasn't his father either. Stunned, Oedipus asks him
how he knows this. The messenger replies that years ago a man gave a baby to him and he
gave this baby to the king and queen of Corinth, and this baby was Oedipus himself. The
debility of Oedipus's ankles is a testament to the truth of his tale, because the baby's
feet had been pinned through the ankles. Oedipus asks the messenger who gave the baby to
him, and he replies that it was one of Laius's servants. Oedipus sends his men out to
find this man. The messenger suggests that Jocasta should be able to help identify the
man. Suddenly figuring out the horrible truth, Jocasta begs Oedipus not to carry through
with his investigations. Oedipus replies that he swore to unravel this mystery, and he
will. Jocasta runs inside the castle, saying a final farewell to Oedipus. 
Oedipus again swears that he will figure out this secret, no matter how vile the answer
is. He assumes that Jocasta is ashamed at his seemingly low birth. The Chorus senses that
something bad is going to happen. Oedipus's men lead in an old shepherd, who is afraid to
answer Oedipus's questions. But finally he tells Oedipus the truth. He did in fact give
the messenger a baby boy, and that baby boy was Laius's son, the very same son that
Jocasta and Laius left on a hillside to die because of the oracle's prophecy. 
Finally the truth is out, and Oedipus runs into the castle, roaring with anguish. He
grabs a sword and searches for Jocasta with the intent to kill her. But when he enters
her chambers he finds that she has hanged herself. He takes the gold brooches with which
she had fastened her dress and gouges his eyes out. He enters the stage again, with blood
streaming from his now blind eyes. He cries out that he, who has seen and done such vile
things, shall never see again. He begs the Chorus to kill him. Creon enters, having heard
the entire story, and begs Oedipus to come inside, where he will not be seen. Oedipus
begs him to let him leave the city, and Creon tells him that he must consult Apollo
first. Oedipus tells him that banishment was the punishment he declared for Laius's
killer, and Creon agrees with him. Before he goes, though, Oedipus asks to see his
daughters and begs Creon to take care of them. Then Oedipus is led away and Creon and the
girls go back in the castle. The Chorus, alone, laments the sad story of Oedipus, the
greatest of men, who fell so low.