FREE ESSAY ON HOUSING IN INDIA AND CHINA

HOUSING IN INDIA AND CHINA

Housing in China
China is by far the most populated country in the world. With billions of people China
has many different way in which they are housed. From farm villages to gigantic cities
the Chinese all need a place to live.
Like the other countries in this paper China is mostly rural countryside where farmers
grow everything from rice to wheat. With the exception of it's mountains and hills, the
overwhelming majority of Chinese settlements are rural compact villages. The formation of
these villages are caused by it water source, population and in earlier years, defense.
Live in these villages are very simple and have not changed for centuries. Even with
populations in the thousands farm villages have no aspect of urban life at all.
A normal house in a farm town is made of either sun dried brick, or packed earth. Roofs
are typically thatched or made of tile. Homesteads are connected footpaths and cart
tracks.
Larger farm villages are known as market towns because they usually have a market in
which nearby villagers can barter their crop for manufactured goods. Several villages can
be linked to a market town by dirt roads. Many market towns have a larger population and
more wealth than farm villages. For this reason the towns where walled for protection
from bandits and barbarians. In the south the land is dominated by rice patties. Along to
Yangtze river delta, villages are only two miles apart and most have their own markets.
The town and villages in the south are generally larger and people travel and communicate
using boats on the river.
Another type of housing in China are cave dwellings found in the Loess Plateau, where
timber is scarce. The advantage of these dwellings are that they are naturally insulated
making them warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer. 
Urbanization in China began in 1953, as the government intensified it's efforts to make
it a industrial power. As factories and mining centers where developed, cities and towns
were built around them. People who live in cities usually live in large apartment
buildings. There is good heath care, schools, but they are generally very crowded. Large
roadways and railroad systems also helped to spread urbanization throughout the country.
In China, because of communism, there are no classes. People are either poor or wealthy,
there is not much of a median. Government officials live in the bigger cities in large
estates. 
Today, China is on the cutting edge of architecture. Huge skyscrapers have been built and
other nations have been taking in what the Chinese have built. In earlier years China was
the most technologically advanced civilization in the world. Reminders of this era still
stand today, like the great wall and the emperors palace. Also, we can see reminders of
this period in our own country for example, the Chinese theater in Hollywood. Now China's
style in decoration is a popular trend it's art and luxurious nature.
In conclusion, housing and the way people live, are very similar yet different between
the three countries China, India, and Africa. I believe the best way to learn about it is
to actually go there which I hope to do someday. 
Housing in India
India has the second highest population in the world, only surpassed by China. India's
billion plus citizens live in huge cities and small farm villages. Although most are
people are poor, some are rich and live in large estates, while most of the population
lives in one room shacks. India is a large, diverse, nation and it's many people live in
all different kinds of houses.
Most Indians live in rural villages. A typical farm village has narrow, unpaved roads
that usually end in a culs-de-sac. They are packed close together with the higher classes
in the core, and lower castes expand outwards. The villages have a school that is on the
outskirts if the village so children can have some space to play, because there is little
room. As a classes' population expands stories grow on houses to compensate for them so
they can stay in the ring with their class, rather than living with lower classes outside
of town where there is plenty of room to build. In the center of a village is a temple or
mosque where people can gather. In the few open areas around them are the village well
and sometimes a few shops or a dharmshala where travelers can stay.
Many of the villagers live in small, one story, mud structures called Kachas. They are
located on individually owned plots or rented land. Most of the time Kachas are
windowless and have flat thatched roofs. In wetter areas, Kachas have a sloped roof and
tile may be used to keep water out. The wetter the area the greater the slope will be on
the roof. These small houses have little or no furniture and are usually decorated with
family photos or pictures of Gods on a few shelves. They also have a exterior court where
meals are eaten and prepared. Running water and electricity is almost always absent and
toilets facilities are located at secluded spots at the edge of town.
Only one forth of India's population lives in cities but 4500 places in India are
considered urban. Dwellings in cities are larger and built stronger, and better with
durable materials such as brick or stone. The roofs are also built studier of sometimes
iron, timber, or even steel. Over the years large cities in India have been growing more
rapidly than small cities or towns. Cities are also organized by class or caste as in
villages or towns. In some old cities the core is a crowded area within the original city
walls with the wealthy or religious officials. The layout or streets and open areas are
also the same as villages but not on the same scale. In cities there are designated
bazaar streets where everything from grain to cloth is sold. These streets have shops
where the vender or artisan lives and works. In old British cities there are large
streets and areas designated for parks making these cities more spacious but by no means
less crowded. There are large residential areas known as civil lines and industrial areas
known as factory lines.
Over the years millions of Pakistani refugees flooded into India. They moved into what is
called model towns with large multi-story apartment buildings and designated shopping
areas on the edge of existing cities. Poorer immigrants moved into either slum flats, or
moved into villages sharing the same space with earlier immigrants. The poorest live in
Bastis, shanty towns along railroad tracks or rivers in makeshift dwellings. 
Difference between classes can be seen by the area in which people live and size or ones
house. Wealthy also have furniture and elaborate gates at the entrance of their estate.
They also all have grills on windows to protect them from being robbed or hurt.