FREE ESSAY ON DRUG LAWS

DRUG LAWS

NOTE:This draft document represents a joint effort by the SAMHSA/CSAP Division of
Workplace Programs and members of the SAMHSA Drug Testing Advisory Board (DTAB). It has
not been reviewed by all members of the DTAB, by industry working groups, or by other
Federal agencies. This draft document is the first release to a wider audience. It will
serve as the basis for developing the guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing
Programs.
All interested parties are invited to comment on the draft document. Comments may be
mailed to the Division of Workplace Programs, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockwall II, Suite 815,
Rockville, Maryland 20857, by fax (301-443-3031), or by email: wvogl@samhsa.gov
*mailto:wvogl@samhsa.gov* or clodico@samhsa.gov *mailto:clodico@samhsa.gov* 
Please submit your comments by July 12, 2000, to ensure they are considered prior to the
September Drug Testing Advisory Board meeting.
MANDATORY GUIDELINES
for 
FEDERAL WORKPLACE DRUG TESTING PROGRAMS
Subpart A - Applicability
Sec. 
1.1 Whom do these Guidelines cover? 
1.2 Who is responsible for developing and issuing authoritative interpretations of the
Guidelines?
1.3 How is an exemption granted from these Guidelines?
1.4 How are these Guidelines revised?
1.5 What do the terms used in these Guidelines mean?
Subpart B - Specimens
2.1 What types of specimens may be collected?
2.2 Under what circumstances can the different types of specimens be collected?
Subpart C - Drugs 
3.1 For which drugs can a specimen be tested?
3.2 Can a specimen be tested for other drugs?
3.3 Can a specimen be used for other purposes?
3.4 What is the cutoff concentration for each drug by type of specimen collected?
Subpart D - Collectors
4.1 Who may collect a specimen?
4.2 What training and certification must a collector have?
4.3 Who can train and certify a collector?
4.4 Under what circumstances must a collector be retrained?
4.5 What are the collector monitoring and support requirements for organizations
employing collectors?
Subpart E - Collection Sites
5.1 Where can a collection for a drug test take place?
5.2 What are the requirements for a collection site?
5.3 How long must collection site records be stored?
5.4 How does the collector ensure the security of a specimen at the collection site?
5.5 What are the privacy considerations when collecting a specimen?
5.6 What supplies are needed at the collection site?
5.7 How do you protect the privacy of a donor at the collection site?
Subpart F - Federal Drug Testing Custody and Control Forms
6.1 What form is used to document collecting a specimen?
6.2 What happens if an approved form is not available or is not used?
Subpart G - Collection Device
7.1 What is a collection device?
7.2 Must the collection device be cleared by the FDA?
Subpart H - Specimen Collection Procedure
8.1 What must the collector do before starting the collection procedure?
8.2 What are the basic requirements for collecting any type of specimen?
8.3 Where can I find the collection procedure for each type of specimen?
Subpart I - National Laboratory Certification Program
9.1 What is the National Laboratory Certification Program (NLCP)?
9.2 How does a laboratory apply to the NLCP?
9.3 What is a performance testing (PT) sample?
9.4 What are the performance testing requirements for an applicant laboratory?
9.5 What are the performance testing requirements for a certified laboratory?
9.6 What are the inspection requirements for an applicant laboratory? 
9.7 What are the inspection requirements for a certified laboratory?
9.8 Who may inspect a laboratory participating in the NLCP?
9.9 What happens if a laboratory does not satisfy the minimum requirements for either the
PT program or the inspection program?
9.10 Where is a list of certified laboratories published?
Subpart J - Blind Samples Submitted by an Agency
10.1 What are the requirements for a blind sample?
10.2 What are the requirements for Federal agencies to submit blind samples?
10.3 How is a blind sample submitted to the laboratory?
10.4 What happens if an inconsistent result is reported on a blind sample?
Subpart K - Laboratory Requirements
11.1 What is a Standard Operating Procedure Manual?
11.2 What qualifications must the laboratory's responsible person (RP) have?
11.3 What are the responsibilities of the RP?
11.4 What qualifications and training must an individual have to certify a drug test
result that is reported by a laboratory?
11.5 What qualifications and training must other laboratory personnel have?
11.6 What security measures must a laboratory maintain?
11.7 How must a laboratory handle a specimen or an aliquot?
11.8 What is an initial test?
11.9 What must a laboratory do to validate an initial test method?
11.10 Why must the initial test be calibrated?
11.11 What are the quality control requirements when conducting an initial test?
11.12 What is a confirmatory test?
11.13 What must a laboratory do to validate a confirmatory test method?
11.14 Why must the confirmatory test be calibrated?
11.15 What are the quality control requirements when conducting a confirmatory test?
11.16 Is a laboratory allowed to conduct any additional tests on a specimen?
11.17 What are the requirements for a laboratory to report the test result for a
specimen?
11.18 How long must a laboratory retain a specimen?
11.19 How long must a laboratory retain records?
11.20 Can a laboratory store records electronically?
11.21 What summary report must a laboratory provide to a Federal agency?
11.22 What information is available to the donor?
11.23 What type of relationship is prohibited between a laboratory and an MRO?
11.24 What information must a certified laboratory provide to its private sector
clients?
Subpart L - Point of Collection Test (POCT)
12.1 What is a point of collection test?
12.2 What types of POCT devices are there?
12.3 What are the requirements for a POCT device?
12.4 Who may conduct a POCT?
12.5 What are the qualifications for the person who performs a POCT?
12.6 What are the responsibilities of a responsible technician?
12.7 Which specimen types may be tested using a POCT?
12.8 What are the cutoff concentrations when using a POCT?
12.9 May the donor observe the POCT being performed? 
12.10 What are the requirements for conducting a POCT?
12.11 What are the quality control requirements when conducting a POCT?
12.12 What are the application requirements for a POCT provider?
12.13 What are the qualitative and quantitative specifications for PT samples that are
used to evaluate a POCT provider?
12.14 What are the inspection requirements for a POCT provider?
12.15 Who may inspect a POCT provider?
12.16 What happens if a POCT provider does not satisfy the minimum inspection
requirements? 
12.17 Where is a list of recognized POCT providers published?
12.18 Is a POCT provider allowed to conduct any additional tests on a specimen?
12.19 How long must a POCT provider retain a specimen?
12.20 How long must a POCT provider retain records?
12.21 Can a POCT provider store records electronically?
12.22 What summary report must a Federal agency receive from a POCT provider? 
12.23 What type of relationship is prohibited between a POCT provider and a Medical
Review Officer?
12.24 What type of relationship can exist between a POCT provider and an HHS certified
laboratory?
12.25 What security measures must a POCT provider maintain?
12.26 What information is available to the donor?
12.27 What is the minimum specimen volume for a POCT?
12.28 What action may a Federal agency take when a POCT is positive?
12.29 How is the POCT result reported to the Medical Review Officer?
Subpart M -Instrumented Initial Test Facility
13.1 What is an instrumented initial test facility?
13.2 Are laboratories that perform only initial tests allowed?
13.3 What is an instrumented initial test?
13.4 What types of initial tests are there?
13.5 What are the requirements for an instrumented initial test facility?
13.6 Why must the instrumented initial test device be calibrated?
13.7 Who may conduct an instrumented initial test?
13.8 What are the qualifications for the person who performs an instrumented initial
test?
13.9 What are the responsibilities of a responsible technician?
13.10 Which specimen types may be tested using an instrumented initial test?
13.11 What are the cutoff concentrations when using an instrumented initial test?
13.12 What are the quality control requirements when conducting an instrumented initial
test?
13.13 What are the application requirements for an instrumented initial test facility?
13.14 What are the qualitative and quantitative specifications for PT samples that are
used to evaluate an instrumented initial test facility?
13.15 What are the inspection requirements for an instrumented initial test facility?
13.16 Who may inspect an instrumented initial test facility?
13.17 What happens if an instrumented initial test facility does not satisfy the minimum
inspection requirements? 
13.18 Where is a list of recognized instrumented initial test facilities published?
13.19 Is an instrumented initial test facility allowed to conduct any additional tests on
a specimen?
13.20 How long must an instrumented initial test facility retain a specimen?
13.21 How long must an instrumented initial test facility retain records?
13.22 Can an instrumented initial test facility store records electronically?
13.23 What summary report must a Federal agency receive from an instrumented initial test
facility? 
13.24 What type of relationship is prohibited between an instrumented initial test
facility and a Medical Review Officer?
13.25 What type of relationship can exist between an instrumented initial test facility
and an HHS certified laboratory?
13.26 What security measures must an instrumented initial test facility maintain?
13.27 What is the minimum specimen volume collected for an instrumented initial test?
13.28 What action may a Federal agency take when an instrumented initial test is reported
as a non-negative?
13.29 How is the instrumented initial test result reported to the Medical Review
Officer?
Subpart N - Medical Review Officer (MRO)
14.1 Who may serve as an MRO?
14.2 What are the responsibilities of an MRO?
14.3 What type of relationship is prohibited between an MRO and a laboratory, POCT
provider, or an instrumented initial test facility?
Subpart O - Single Specimen Retests and Split Specimen Tests
15.1 When may a single specimen or primary specimen be retested?
15.2 When may a split specimen be tested?
15.3 How does a laboratory handle the retesting of a single specimen or the testing of a
split specimen?
15.4 Who receives the single specimen retest result or the split specimen result?
15.5 What happens when a single specimen retest or split specimen result does not
reconfirm the original test result?
15.6 How long must a laboratory retain a split specimen?
Subpart P - Problems with Drug Tests 
16.1 What problems will always result in a laboratory not testing a specimen?
16.2 What problems will result in a laboratory not reporting a drug test result unless
the problem is corrected?
Subpart Q - Laboratory Suspension/Revocation Procedures 
17.1 When may a certified laboratory be suspended?
17.2 When may a laboratory's certification be revoked?
17.3 What is the procedure when a laboratory is suspended?
17.4 What is the procedure when there is a proposal to revoke a laboratory's
certification?
17.5 Where are notices of laboratory actions published?
Authority: 
Subpart A - Applicability
1.1 Whom do these Guidelines cover?
These guidelines apply to:
(a) Executive Agencies as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105;
(b) The Uniformed Services, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 2101(3) (but excluding the Armed
Forces as defined in 5 U.S.C. 2101(2));
(c) Any other employing unit or authority of the Federal Government except the United
States Postal Service, the Postal Rate Commission, and employing units or authorities in
the Judicial and Legislative Branches; and
(d) The Intelligence Community, as defined by Executive Order No. 12333, only to the
extent agreed to by the head of the affected Agency.
1.2 Who is responsible for developing and issuing authoritative interpretations of the
Guidelines?
(a) Executive Order 12564 and Public Law 100-71 require the Department of Health and
Human Services (HHS) to establish a Drug-Free Federal Workplace Program.
(b) Within HHS, the Division of Workplace Programs (DWP) in the Center for Substance of
Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), has
been delegated the responsibility of providing:
(1) The day-to-day oversight of the Drug-Free Federal Workplace Program; and
(2) The development of comprehensive procedural and scientific standards for all aspects
of a drug testing program. 
(c) The Division of Workplace Programs provides written interpretations of the provisions
in these Guidelines as written or electronic program documents, handbooks, manuals, and
Federal Register notices. These interpretations are the only official and authoritative
interpretations that are valid and binding.
1.3 How is an exemption granted from these Guidelines?
(a) A Federal agency may not deviate from the provisions of these Guidelines without the
written approval of the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
(b) In requesting approval for a deviation, a Federal agency must petition the Secretary
in writing and describe the specific provision or provisions for which a deviation is
sought and the rationale for the deviation.
1.4 How are these Guidelines revised?
(a) The Secretary of Health and Human Services is responsible for approving and
publishing in the Federal Register major changes to these Guidelines. Examples of major
changes include, but are not limited to, changes in cutoff concentrations, drugs tested,
and scientific methods used.
(b) The Division of Workplace Programs is responsible for making minor changes as a
result of improvements in the available science and technology. These minor changes are
published as program documents or as Federal Register notices.
1.5 What do the terms used in these Guidelines mean?
The following definitions are adopted: 
Aliquot A fractional part of a specimen used for testing. It is taken as a sample
representing the whole specimen.
Adulterated A specimen is considered to be adulterated if it either contains a substance
that is not a normal constituent for that type of specimen or contains an endogenous
substance at a concentration that is not a normal physiological concentration.
Batch A set of specimens being tested as a group.
Blind Sample A blind sample is a sample with a known drug concentration or a negative
sample used to evaluate the ability of a laboratory to test a specimen for drugs and/or
metabolites. The laboratory does not know either the concentration of the drug or that it
is a blind sample
Calibrator A solution of known concentration that is used to define a measurement
procedure or to compare the response obtained with the response of a test specimen
aliquot/sample. The concentration of the analyte of interest in the calibrator is known
within limits ascertained during its preparation. Calibrators may be used to establish a
calibration curve over a range of interest.
Canceled test The MRO determines that the result reported by the laboratory or the POCT
provider cannot support reporting either a positive nor a negative test to the employer.

Certifying Scientist The individual who is responsible for verifying the forensic and
scientific supportability of a test result.
Chain of Custody Procedures to account for the integrity of each specimen or aliquot by
tracking its handling and storage from point of specimen collection to final disposition
of the specimen. 
Chain of Custody Document The form(s) used by the laboratory to document the security of
the specimen and all aliquots of the specimens during testing and storage by the
laboratory. The form, which may account for an entire test batch, shall include the names
and signatures of all individuals who accessed the specimens or aliquots and the date and
purpose of the access. 
Collection Site A place where donors present themselves for the purpose of providing a
specimen to be analyzed for the presence of drugs.
Collector A person who instructs and assists donors at a collection site and receives the
specimen provided by the donor.
Confirmatory Test An analytical procedure performed on a separate aliquot of the specimen
to identify the presence of a specific drug or metabolite.
Control A sample used to evaluate whether or not the analytical procedure is operating
within predefined tolerance limits.
Cut-off The concentration used to report a specimen as negative or positive.
Dilute Refers to a specimen with less than normal constituents. 
( TO BE DETERMINED FOR EACH SPECIMEN )
Donor The individual from whom a specimen is collected.
Failed to Reconfirm The result reported when a laboratory is unable to detect the drug or
metabolite that was previously reported from the original analysis.
Federal Custody and Control Form An OMB approved form used to document the collection,
security, and test results of the specimen.
Follow-up Test A specimen collected from a donor to ensure that the donor remains
drug-free after being returned to a testing designated position. 
HHS The Department of Health and Human Services or designee of the Secretary, Department
of Health and Human Services.
Initial Test The test used to differentiate a negative specimen from one that requires
further testing. 
Invalid Result The result reported when a laboratory is unable to obtain a scientifically
supportable drug test result.
HHS Certified Instrumented Initial Test Facility A location where initial testing,
reporting of results, and recordkeeping is performed under the supervision of a
responsible technical (RT). 
HHS Certified Laboratory A location where initial and confirmation testing is performed
under the supervision of an RP and Certifying Scientists are used for final review and
release of drug testing results. 
HHS Certified Point of Collection Test Facility A location where specimen collection,
initial testing, reporting of results, and record keeping is performed under the
supervision of a responsible technician (RT).
Medical Review Officer (MRO) A licensed physician who receives, reviews, verifies, and
reports the drug test results.
Negative Result Result for a specimen that either contains no drug or the concentration
of the drug is less than the cutoff concentration for that drug or drug class.
Non-Negative Result Result for a specimen from an initial test that must go to
confirmation for a final report. 
Positive Result Laboratory result for a specimen that contains a drug or metabolite
greater than or equal to the cutoff concentration.
Post Accident Test A test performed on a specimen collected from a donor after the donor
is involved in a job-related accident.
Pre-employment Test A test performed on a specimen collected from a donor who is applying
for a testing designated position. 
Quality Control Sample A calibrator, control, and/or blind sample.
Random Test A test performed on a specimen collected from a donor who is selected at
random from the individuals working in testing designated positions.
Reasonable Suspicion/Cause Test (TO BE DETERMINED)
Reconfirmed The result reported when a laboratory is able to detect the drug or
metabolite that was previously reported from the original analysis.
Rejected for Testing Result for a specimen for which the laboratory or the point of
collection test device provider does not perform any tests on the specimen. 
Responsible Person (RP) The person who assumes professional, organizational, educational,
and administrative responsibility for the day-to-day management of the HHS certified
laboratory. 
Responsible Technician (RT) The person who assumes professional, organizational,
educational, and administrative responsibility for the day-to-day management of the HHS
certified
point of collection test facility or the HHS certified instrumented initial test
facility.
Return to Duty Test A test performed on a specimen collected from a donor prior to being
reinstated in a testing designated position.
Sample A representative portion of a specimen or quality control material used for
testing.
Secretary The Secretary of Health and Human Services or the Secretary's designee (e.g.,
Administrator, SAMHSA; Director, Division of Workplace Programs; a contractor; or other
recognized organization which acts on behalf of the Secretary in implementing these
Guidelines).
Specimen Fluid or material derived from the body and which may be subdivided or
concomitantly collected (if a split specimen is required). 
Split Specimen A specimen collected at the collection site that is fluid or material
derived from the body which has been subdivided or concomitantly collected and
independently sealed in the presence of the donor. For urine, one void that is
subdivided. For hair, one harvest that is subdivided by strands. For oral fluid, one
specimen collected that is subdivided or two simultaneously collected specimens. For
sweat, a sweat patch that is subdivided or two separate patches that are applied and
removed simultaneously.
Standard Reference material of known purity or a solution containing a reference material
at a known concentration.
Substituted A specimen that could not have been provided by a donor.
Testing Designated Position An employment position within a Federal agency that has been
designated for random testing.
Subpart B - Specimens
2.1 What types of specimens may be collected?
A Federal agency may collect the following types of specimens as part of its workplace
drug testing program:
(a) Urine
(b) Oral Fluid (Saliva)
(c) Sweat
(d) Hair 
2.2 Under what circumstances can the different types of specimens be collected?
Recommended reasons for specimen type selected are as follows:
Type of Specimen Reason For Test
Urine Pre-employment, random, reasonable suspicion/cause, 
post accident, return to duty, follow-up
Oral Fluid reasonable suspicion/cause, post accident
Sweat Return to duty, follow-up
Hair Pre-employment, random, follow-up
Subpart C - Drugs
3.1 For which drugs can a specimen be tested? 
The Executive Order 12564 defines illegal drugs as those included in Schedule I or II of
the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), but not when used pursuant to a valid prescription
or when used as otherwise authorized by law. Federal agency drug testing programs must
test all specimens for marijuana and cocaine use and may test for use of opiates,
amphetamines, and phencyclidine.
3.2 Can a specimen be tested for additional drugs? 
(a) Reasonable suspicion/cause, or post accident specimens may be tested for any drug
listed in Schedule I or II of the CSA.
(b) A Federal agency covered by these Guidelines must petition the Secretary in writing
for approval to routinely test for any drug class not listed in section 3.1. Such
approval shall be limited to the use of the appropriate science and technology and shall
not otherwise limit agency discretion to test for any drug tested under paragraph (a) of
this section.
3.3 Can a specimen be used for other purposes? 
(a) Specimens collected pursuant to these Guidelines may be used to test only for those
drugs included in the Agency workplace drug testing program. They may not be used to
conduct any other analysis or test unless otherwise authorized by the Guidelines. 
(b) A specimen that tests negative by initial or confirmatory testing may, however, be
pooled for use in a laboratory's internal quality control program.
(c) These Guidelines are not intended to prohibit any Federal agency specifically
authorized by law to test for additional classes of drugs in its workplace drug testing
program.
3.4What is the cutoff concentration for each drug by type of specimen collected?
Urine
Initial Test Cutoff Concentration 
(ng/mL)
Marijuana metabolites...........50
Cocaine metabolites..............150
Opiate metabolites.................2000
Phencyclidine........................25
Amphetamines......................500 Screening must significantly cross-react w/MDMA
(Roughly equal cross-reactivity)
Confirmatory Test Cutoff Concentration
(ng/mL)
Marijuana metabolite1..............15
Cocaine metabolite2.................100
Opiates
Morphine.................................2000
Codeine....................................2000
6-acetylmorphine ....................10
Phencyclidine...........................25
Amphetamines
d-Amphetamine....................150 - 250
d-Methamphetamine3...........150 - 250 
MDMA.....................................150 - 250
MDA..........................................150 - 250
MDEA.......................................150 - 250
1 Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid
2 Benzoylecgonine
3 Specimen must also contain Amphetamine at a concentration * 100 ng/mL
Hair
Initial Test Cutoff Concentration 
(pg/mg)
Marijuana metabolites............1.0
Cocaine metabolites...............500
Opiate metabolites.................200
Phencyclidine.........................300
Amphetamines........................500 Screening must cross-react w/MDMA
Confirmatory Test Cutoff Concentration
(pg/mg)
Marijuana metabolite1...............0.05
Cocaine metabolite2..................100
Cocaine.....................................1000
BE/COC ratio *= 0.1
Opiates
Morphine...............................200
Codeine.................................200
6-acetylmorphine .................200
Hair 6-AM rule (TO BE DETERMINED)
Phencyclidine.......................300
Amphetamines
d-Amphetamine...................300
d-Methamphetamine...........300
Hair amp rule.....................50
MDMA
MDA
MDEA
1 Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid
2 Benzoylecgonine
Sweat
Initial Test Cutoff Concentration Target Analyte
(ng/ 2.5 mL eluate)
Marijuana metabolites............1.5THC 
Cocaine metabolites...............10Benzoylecgonine
Opiate metabolites.................10Morphine
Phencyclidine........................7.5Phencyclidine
Amphetamines......................10d-Methamphetamine 
(Amp screening must cross-react w/MDMA)
Confirmatory Test Cutoff Concentration
(ng/2.5 mL eluate)
THC parent drug..........................0.5
Cocaine parent drug....................10
Cocaine metabolite2...................10
Opiates
Morphine...............................10
Codeine.................................10
6-acetylmorphine .................10
Phencyclidine..........................7.5
Amphetamines
d-Amphetamine.....................10
d-Methamphetamine3............10
MDMA
MDA
MDEA
2 Benzoylecgonine
3 Specimen must also contain Amphetamine at a
concentration * (TO BE DETERMINED) ng/mL
Oral Fluid
Initial Test Cutoff Concentration 
(ng/mL)
Marijuana metabolites............4
Cocaine metabolites...............20
Opiate metabolites.................40
Phencyclidine.........................4
Amphetamines......................160 Screening must cross-react w/MDMA
Confirmatory Test Cutoff Concentration
(ng/mL)
THC Parent drug......................2
Cocaine metabolite2...................8
Opiates
Morphine................................40
Codeine..................................40
6-acetylmorphine ....................4
Phencyclidine.............................2
Amphetamines
d-Amphetamine.....................160
d-Methamphetamine3............160
MDMA
MDA
MDEA
2 Benzoylecgonine
3 Specimen must also contain Amphetamine at a
concentration * (TO BE DETERMINED) ng/mL
Subpart D - Collectors 
4.1 Who may collect a specimen? 
(a) An individual trained or certified to collect specimens.
(b) The direct supervisor of donor may not act as the collector when that donor is
tested, unless no other collector is available.
4.2 What training and certification must a collector have? 
(a) HHS has not established a formal certification program for collectors. However,
private sector organizations are encouraged to develop the required certification
program. This will help to ensure that collectors have, in fact, been properly trained
and certified to collect specimens as required by the Guidelines. 
(b) To be a collector, you must do the following:
(1) Read and become familiar with the collection procedures in these Guidelines;
(2) Read and become familiar with the HHS Specimen Collection Handbook for the specimen
being collected; and
(3) Attain certification through a recognized collector certification program for the
type(s) of specimen(s) you are going to collect.
(c) As a collector, you must be recertified once every two years to ensure that you are
familiar with current HHS specimen collection policies and procedures. 
(d) As a collector, you must maintain all documentation of certification/recertification
as long as you serve as a collector.
4.3 Who can train and certify collectors? 
(TO BE DETERMINED)
4.4 Under what circumstances must a collector be retrained?
(a) A collector needs to be retrained when:
(1) The collection procedure changes significantly (e.g., a new CCF is used); or
(2) The collector makes mistakes that cause tests to be canceled. This will lead to a
collector's cancellation rate being an index of performance.
(b) The required retraining:
(1) Must be focused in the specific area of collection procedures that caused the tests
to be canceled; and
(2) Be documented in writing by a trainer.
4.5 What are the collector monitoring and support requirements for organizations
employing collectors? 
An organization (e.g., Federal agency, contractor, health clinic) employing the collector
must do the following:
(a) Have an official certification statement documenting that the collector is
certified;
(b) Retain these official certification statements as long as the person performs
collector functions and for 2 years after the collector leaves the organization; and
(c) Provide to a collector the name and telephone number of the Federal agency's
representative to contact about problems or issues that may arise during a specimen
collection procedure.
Subpart E - Collection Sites
5.1 Where can a collection for a drug test take place?
(a) A collection site may be a permanent or temporary facility located either at the work
site or at a remote site. 
(b) The selection of an appropriate collection site will depend on the type of specimen
being collected. 
5.2 What are the requirements for a collection site?
A collection site must have the following:
(a) A suitable clean surface for handling the specimen and completing the required
paperwork;
(b) A secure temporary storage capability to maintain a specimen until it is tested or
shipped to the laboratory;
(c) Ability to restrict access to only authorized personnel during the collection;
(d) Ability to restrict access to collection supplies; and
(e) Ability to store records securely.
5.3 How long must collection site records be stored?
Collection site records must be stored for a minimum of 2 years.
5.4 How does the collector ensure the security of a specimen at the collection site?
A collector must do the following to maintain the security of a specimen:
(a) Do not allow unauthorized personnel to enter the collection site during the
collection;
(b) Perform only one specimen collection at a time;
(c) Restrict access to collection supplies before and during the collection;
(d) Ensure that you are the only person other than the donor to handle the specimen; and
(e) Immediately seal the specimen. 
5.5 What are the privacy considerations when collecting a specimen?
The requirements for specimen collection are as follows depending on the type of specimen
being collected:
(a) For urine, the donor must have visual privacy while providing the specimen unless:
(1) There is a reason to believe that the donor may alter or substitute the specimen to
be provided; or
(2) A direct observed collection was authorized.
(b) For hair, head hair is collected unless it is not available. Collection of hair from
other areas of the body must be approved in accordance with Agency procedures before the
collection and must be collected using appropriate privacy.
(c) For sweat, the sweat patch will be applied by the collector to the donor's upper arm,
chest, or back. The donor must be allowed privacy during the application and removal of
the patch by the collector.
(d) For oral fluid, the collection device must be inserted into and removed from the
donor's mouth by the donor in the presence of the collector. The donor will be observed
by the collector during this entire process. 
(e) A complete description of collection procedures for each specimen are in the HHS
Specimen Collection Handbook for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs.
5.6 What supplies are needed at the collection site?
(a) A complete list of the supplies needed to collect each type of specimen is in the HHS
Specimen Collection Handbook for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs. 
(b) The handbook is available on the following website: 
Subpart F - Federal Drug Testing Custody and Control Forms 
6.1 What form is used to document a specimen collection?
(a) An Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approved Federal Drug Testing Custody and
Control Form (CCF) must be used to document the collection of a specimen at the
collection site. 
(b) The form is used to document chain of custody from the time a donor gives the
specimen to the collector until the specimen is received for testing.
(c) The CCF used for each type of specimen collected is available from a number of
different sources. A sample of the OMB approved CCF for each type of specimen is
available at the following website: 
(d) Federal agencies and employers regulated by the Department of Transportation (DOT)
are required to use the OMB approved Federal CCF for their workplace drug testing
programs. 
6.2 What happens if an approved form is not available or is not used?
(a) When the collector either by mistake or as the only means to conduct a test under
difficult circumstances (e.g., post accident test with insufficient time to obtain the
CCF) uses a non-Federal form for a regulated collection, the use of a non-Federal form is
not a reason for the laboratory to reject the specimen for testing or for the MRO to
cancel the test.
(b) If the testing facility or the MRO discovers the use of the incorrect form, a signed
statement must be obtained from the collector stating the reason why the Federal CCF was
not used for the regulated collection. 
Subpart G - Collection Device
7.1 What is a collection device?
(a) A collection device is considered to be the following for each type of specimen
collected:
(1) For urine, it is the single-use plastic specimen container and/or bottle.
(2) For hair, it is the foil and single-use plastic bag in which the hair sample is
placed.
(3) For oral fluid, it is the applicator, pad, or aspirator placed in the oral cavity.
(4) For sweat, it is the patch that is placed on the skin.
(b) A collection device must not affect or alter the specimen collected. The supplier of
a collection device must evaluate the device to ensure that it does not affect the
specimen collected. 
(c) A collection device must have the capability of being sealed by the collector to
prevent unauthorized access to the specimen while at the collection site. 
7.2 Must the collection device be cleared by the FDA?
(a) If the collection device is a unique and integral part of the collection procedure
and the analytical testing procedure, it must be cleared by the FDA as a medical device.
(b) Single-use items (such as, plastic bottles, plastic bags, foil) are not unique
collection devices and, therefore, are not required to be cleared by the FDA.
(c) The sweat patch (sweat) and applicator, pad, or aspirator (oral fluid) are unique and
integral to collecting a valid specimen and must be FDA cleared. 
Subpart H - Specimen Collection Procedure
8.1 What must the collector do before starting the collection procedure?
The collector must do the following before starting the collection procedure:
(a) Verify the donor's identification;
(b) Provide your identification to the donor if the donor asks; 
(c) Explain the basic collection procedure to the donor;
(d) Request the donor to read the instructions on the back of the CCF; and 
(e) Answer any questions the donor may have regarding the collection procedure.
8.2 What are the basic requirements for collecting any type of specimen?
The basic requirements are as follows: 
(a) The donor removes any unnecessary outer garments (such as, a coat or jacket). 
(b) The donor washes and dries his or her hands prior to handling the collection device.
After washing hands, the donor must remain in the presence of the collector and must not
have access to anything that could be used to affect the specimen.
(c) The collector and donor observe the selection and opening of the collection device
used to collect the specimen. 
(d) After a specimen is collected, the collector inspects the specimen for signs of
tampering.
(e) A specimen suspected of being tampered with is sent to the laboratory for testing.
(f) The collector must get permission to immediately collect another specimen when a
tampered specimen is collected. This second specimen must also be sent to the
laboratory.
(g) The collector and donor must keep the specimen in view at all times prior to sealing
the collection device.
(h) A tamper-evident label/seal must be used to secure the collection device. 
(i) The donor must initial the label and the collector must date the label after it is
used to secure the collection device.
(j) The collector must complete the CCF and distribute each copy as required.
8.3 Where can I find the collection procedure for each type of specimen?
(a) A complete description of the collection procedure used to collect each type of
specimen is in the HHS Specimen Collection Handbook for Federal Workplace Drug Testing
Programs. 
(b) The handbook is available on the following website: 
Subpart I - National Laboratory Certification Program
9.1 What is the National Laboratory Certification Program (NLCP)?
(a) The National Laboratory Certification Program (NLCP) is the program established by
HHS to certify laboratories before they are permitted to test specimens that are
collected for Federal agency or federally regulated workplace drug testing programs. The
NLCP includes a performance testing (PT) program and a laboratory inspection program.
(b) An applicant laboratory is required to pass 3 consecutive sets of initial PT samples
and an initial inspection before becoming HHS certified.
(c) An HHS certified laboratory is required to test quarterly sets of maintenance PT
samples, undergo an inspection 3 months after being certified, and undergo semiannual
maintenance inspections thereafter. 
(d) A laboratory must meet all the pertinent provisions of these Guidelines in order to
qualify for and maintain certification. The Secretary has broad discretion to take
appropriate action to ensure the full reliability and accuracy of drug testing and
reporting, to resolve problems related to drug testing, and to enforce all standards set
forth in these Guidelines. The Secretary has the authority to issue directives to any
laboratory suspending the use of certain analytical procedures when necessary to protect
the integrity of the testing process; ordering any laboratory to undertake corrective
actions to respond to material deficiencies identified by an inspection or through
proficiency testing; ordering any laboratory to send aliquots of specimens to another
laboratory for retesting when necessary to ensure the accuracy of testing under these
Guidelines; ordering the review of results for specimens tested under the Guidelines for
private sector clients to the extent necessary to ensure the full reliability of drug
testing for Federal agencies; and ordering any other action necessary to address
deficiencies in drug testing, analysis, specimen collection, chain of custody, reporting
of results, or any other aspect of the certification program.
9.2 How does a laboratory apply to the NLCP?
(a) A laboratory interested in becoming an HHS certified laboratory must submit an NLCP
application form.
(b) The application form requires the applicant laboratory to provide detailed
information on both the administrative and analytical procedures the laboratory proposes
to use for testing regulated specimens after it is certified.
(c) The NLCP application form is available at the following website: 
9.3 What is a PT sample? 
(a) A PT sample is a sample that may contain:
(1) The drugs and/or metabolites in the drug classes that each laboratory must have the
capability to test for;
(2) Both the parent drug and/or its major metabolite(s); or
(3) More than one drug class (but generally no more than two drug classes) to imitate
real donor specimens.
(b) The concentration of the drugs and/or metabolites in a PT sample may be:
(1) At least 20 percent above the cutoff concentration for either the initial test or the
confirmatory test (depending on which is to be evaluated);
(2) As low as 40 percent of the cutoff concentration when the PT sample is designated as
a retest sample; or
(3) At another concentration for a special purpose.
(c) A negative PT sample may not contain a measurable amount of a target drug and/or
metabolite.
(d) A PT sample may contain an interfering substance(s).
(e) For each PT cycle, the set of PT samples going to each laboratory will vary but,
within each calendar year, each laboratory will have analyzed the same total set of
samples. 
(f) The laboratory must, to the greatest extent possible, handle, test, and report a PT
sample in a manner identical to that used for a donor specimen, unless otherwise
specified. 
9.4 What are the performance testing requirements for an applicant laboratory?
An applicant laboratory must satisfy the following criteria on 3 consecutive sets of
initial PT samples:
(a) No false positive results;
(b) Correctly identify and confirm 90 percent of the total drug challenges on the 3 sets
of samples;
(c) The quantitative values for at least 80 percent of the total drug challenges must be
within ?20 percent of the calculated reference group mean;
(d) No quantitative value on a drug concentration may differ by more than 50 percent from
the calculated reference group mean; and
(e) For an individual drug, correctly detect and quantify at least 50 percent of the
total drug challenges.
9.5 What are the performance testing requirements for a certified laboratory?
A certified laboratory must satisfy the following criteria on the maintenance PT samples
to maintain its certification: 
(a) Correctly identify and confirm 90 percent of the total drug challenges over two
consecutive PT cycles;
(b) Correctly quantify 80 percent of the total drug challenges within ?20 percent of the
appropriate reference or peer group mean as measured over two consecutive PT cycles;
(c) Have no more than one quantitative result differ more than 50 percent from the target
value over two consecutive PT cycles; and
(d) For any individual drug, correctly detect and quantify at least 50 percent of the
total drug challenges.
9.6 What are the inspection requirements for an applicant laboratory?
(a) An applicant laboratory is inspected by a team of at least two inspectors.
(b) Each inspector conducts an independent evaluation and review of all aspects of the
laboratory's procedures and facilities using the guidance provided by the Secretary and
the National Laboratory Certification Program inspection checklist.
(c) To become certified, an applicant laboratory must satisfy the minimum requirements as
stated in these Guidelines.
9.7 What are the inspection requirements for a certified laboratory?
(a) It must undergo an inspection 3 months after becoming certified and then inspected
semiannually thereafter.
(b) A certified laboratory is inspected by a team of at least two inspectors. The number
of inspectors required is dependent on the workload of the laboratory.
(c) Each inspector conducts an independent evaluation and review of all aspects of the
laboratory's procedures and facilities using the guidance provided by the Secretary and
the National Laboratory Certification Program inspection checklist.
(d) To remain certified, a laboratory must continue to satisfy the minimum requirements
as stated in these Guidelines.
9.8 Who may inspect a laboratory participating in the NLCP?
(a) The Secretary, a Federal agency using a certified laboratory, or the contractor
awarded the HHS NLCP contract may inspect a laboratory at any time.
(b) An individual may serve as an NLCP inspector if he or she satisfies the following
criteria:
(1) Has experience and an educational background similar to that required for either the
responsible person or the certifying scientist as described in subpart K; 
(2) Has read and thoroughly understands the policies and requirements contained in these
Guidelines and in other NLCP documents;
(3) Submits a resume and documentation of qualifications to HHS;
(4) Attends NLCP approved training; and 
(5) Submits an acceptable inspection report and has acceptable performance as a trainee
on an inspection. 
9.9 What happens if a laboratory does not satisfy the minimum requirements for either the
PT program or the inspection program?
(a) If an applicant laboratory fails to satisfy the requirements established for the
initial certification process, the applicant laboratory must start the initial
certification process from the beginning.
(b) If a certified laboratory fails to satisfy the minimum requirements, the laboratory
is given a period of time (e.g., 5 or 30 working days depending on the nature of the
issue) to provide any explanation for its performance and evidence that any deficiency
has been corrected.
(c) A laboratory's certification may be revoked, suspended, or no further action taken
depending on the seriousness of the errors and whether there is evidence that any
deficiency has been corrected and that current performance meets the requirements for a
certified laboratory. 
(d) A certified laboratory may be required to undergo a special inspection or to test
additional PT samples, depending on the nature of the performance, to verify that any
deficiency has been corrected.
(e) If a laboratory's certification is revoked or suspended, the laboratory is not
permitted to test specimens for Federal agencies or federally regulated employers until
the suspension is lifted or the laboratory has successfully completed the certification
requirements as a new applicant laboratory. 
9.10 Where is a list of certified laboratories published?
(a) A list of HHS certified laboratories is published monthly in the Federal Register.
(b) Applicant laboratories are not included in the list.
Subpart J - Blind Samples Submitted by an Agency
10.1 What are the requirements for a blind sample?
(a) A blind sample must be validated as to its content by the supplier using initial and
confirmatory tests.
(b) The supplier must provide information regarding the shelf life of the blind sample.
(c) If the blind sample is positive, the concentration of the drug it contains must be at
least 25 percent above the cutoff concentration for that drug.
10.2 What are the requirements for Federal agencies to submit blind samples?
(a) Each Federal agency is required to have both negative and positive blind samples
submitted with its donor specimens. 
(b) During the initial 90-day period of any new Federal agency drug testing program, the
agency must ensure that at least 5 percent of the total number of donor specimens
submitted are blind samples. 
(c) After the initial 90-day period, the Federal agency must ensure that a minimum of 3
percent of the total number of donor specimens are blind samples.
(d) Approximately 80 percent of the blind samples may be negative (i.e., certified to
contain no drug) and the remaining positive for one or more drugs.
(e) Each positive sample must be spiked only with those drugs for which the Federal
agency is testing.
10.3 How is a blind sample submitted to the laboratory?
(a) A blind sample is either purchased by the Federal agency and given to the collector
or the collector purchases the blind sample from a supplier and submits the blind sample
with the Federal agency's donor specimens.
(b) A blind sample is always submitted using the same CCF as used for a donor specimen.
The collector provides the required information to ensure that the CCF has been properly
completed as well as providing fictitious initials on the specimen bottle label/seal.
Since there is no donor, the collector must indicate that the sample is a blind sample on
the MRO copy where the donor would normally provide a signature.
(c) Each Federal agency must ensure that the required blind samples are distributed
throughout the total number of donor specimens rather than submitted as a single group of
samples.
10.4 What happens if an inconsistent result is reported on a blind sample?
The Medical Review Officer (MRO) is generally the individual who finds that a laboratory
has reported an inconsistent result on a blind sample. When such a result is identified:
(a) The MRO must notify both the Federal agency and the Federal office responsible for
maintaining the NLCP; and
(b) The Federal office responsible for the NLCP will initiate an investigation to
determine the cause of the error and send a report to the MRO and the Federal agency
describing the investigation and corrective action taken.
Subpart K - Laboratory Requirements
11.1 What is a Standard Operating Procedure Manual?
(a) An HHS certified laboratory must have a standard operating procedure (SOP) manual
that describes, in detail, all laboratory operations. When followed, it ensures that all
specimens are tested using the same procedures and in a consistent manner. The SOP manual
must include, but is not limited to, a detailed description of the following:
(1) Chain-of-custody procedures;
(2) Accessioning;
(3) Security; 
(4) Quality control/quality assurance programs;
(5) Analytical methods and procedures;
(6) Equipment and maintenance programs;
(7) Personnel training; 
(8) Reporting procedures; and
(9) Computers, software, laboratory information management systems
(b) All procedures in the SOP manual must be in compliance with these Guidelines and NLCP
Program Documents.
(c) A copy of all procedures that have been replaced or revised and the dates on which
they were in effect must be maintained to allow the laboratory to retrieve the procedures
that were used to test a specimen.
11.2 What qualifications must the laboratory's responsible person (RP) have?
A certified laboratory must have at least one individual who can assume the professional,
organizational, educational, and administrative responsibilities for the entire drug
testing facility. The minimum qualifications for the RP are as follows:
(a) Certified as a laboratory director by the State in forensic or clinical laboratory
toxicology; or have a Ph.D. in one of the natural sciences with an adequate undergraduate
and graduate education in biology, chemistry, pharmacology, or toxicology; or have
training and experience comparable to a Ph.D. in one of the natural sciences with
additional training and laboratory/research experience in biology, chemistry,
pharmacology, or toxicology; and 
(b) Have appropriate experience in analytical forensic toxicology with emphasis on the
collection and analysis of biological specimens for drugs of abuse; and
(c) Have appropriate training and/or experience in forensic applications of analytical
toxicology, e.g., publications, court testimony, research concerning analytical
toxicology of drugs of abuse, or other factors which qualify the individual as an expert
witness in forensic toxicology.
11.3 What are the responsibilities of the RP? 
The RP must fulfill the following responsibilities:
(a) Manage the day-to-day operations of the drug testing laboratory even where another
individual has overall responsibility for an entire multi-specialty laboratory.
(b) Ensure that there are enough personnel with adequate training and experience to
supervise and conduct the work of the drug testing laboratory. The RP must ensure the
continued competency of laboratory personnel by documenting their in-service training,
reviewing their work performance, and verifying their skills.
(c) Maintain a complete, current SOP manual that is available for personnel performing
tests, and followed by those personnel. The SOP manual must be reviewed, signed, and
dated by the RP whenever procedures are first placed into use or changed or when a new
individual assumes responsibility for management of the drug testing laboratory.
(d) Maintain a quality assurance program to assure the proper performance and reporting
of all test results; monitor acceptable analytical performance for all controls and
standards; monitor quality control testing; document the validity, reliability, accuracy,
precision, and performance characteristics of each test and test system.
(e) Implement all remedial actions necessary to maintain satisfactory operation and
performance of the laboratory in response to quality control systems not being within
performance specifications, errors in result reporting or in analysis of performance
testing results. This individual must ensure that sample results are not reported until
all corrective actions have been taken and he or she can assure that the results provided
are accurate and reliable.
(f) Qualify as a certifying scientist for both initial and confirmatory test results. 
11.4 What qualifications and training must an individual have to certify a drug test
result that is reported by a laboratory?
(a) A certifying scientist (CS) must have the following qualifications:
(1) A bachelor's degree in the chemical or biological sciences, medical technology, or
equivalent;
(2) Training and experience in the analytical methods and procedures used by the
laboratory that are relevant to the results that the individual certifies; and
(3) Training and experience in reviewing and reporting test results, maintenance of chain
of custody, and understanding proper remedial action in response to problems that may
arise.
(b) A laboratory must have at least one individual who is designated as a CS.
(c) There are two types of certifying scientists:
(1) A negative CS who is qualified to certify only results that are negative on the
initial test; and
(2) A CS who is qualified to certify results for both initial and confirmatory test
results.
11.5 What qualifications and training must other laboratory personnel have?
(a) All laboratory staff (e.g., technicians, administrative staff) must have the
appropriate training and skills for the tasks assigned.
(b) Each individual working in a certified laboratory must be properly trained before he
or she is permitted to work independently in any area of the laboratory.
(c) The training file for each individual must include, at a minimum, resumes,
documentation of training provided, and any applicable professional
certifications/licenses. Training files may be maintained separate from personnel files.
11.6 What security measures must a laboratory maintain?
(a) A laboratory must control access to the drug testing facility and ensure that no
unauthorized individual can gain access to specimens, aliquots, or records.
(b) A laboratory must maintain a record that documents the dates, time of entry and exit,
and purpose of entry of authorized visitors accessing secured areas.
(c) With the exception of personnel authorized to conduct inspections on behalf of
Federal, state, or other accrediting agencies for which the laboratory is testing
specimens or on behalf of the Secretary or emergency personnel (e.g., firefighters and
medical rescue teams), all authorized visitors must be escorted at all times. 
11.7 How must a laboratory handle a specimen or an aliquot?
(a) A laboratory must use chain of custody procedures to document the receipt, handling,
and transfer of a specimen or an aliquot throughout the testing process and until final
disposition.
(b) Chain of custody must be documented by using either hard copy procedures or
electronic procedures.
(c) Chain of custody documentation must be completed at the time of the transaction. 
11.8 What is an initial test?
(a) An initial test is a test used to differentiate a negative specimen from those that
require further testing.
(b) An initial test may include, but is not limited to, the following techniques:
immunoassay or chromatographic separation coupled with an appropriate detector.
(c) An initial test must be validated by the laboratory before it is used to test donor
specimens. 
11.9 What must a laboratory do to validate an initial test method?
(a) The validation procedure must demonstrate:
(1) The ability to differentiate positive and negative samples; 
(2) The performance of the test around the cutoff concentration; and
(3) The performance of the test results at several concentrations between 0 and 150
percent of the cutoff concentration.
(b) A laboratory may conduct a second initial test prior to the confirmatory test. If the
laboratory uses a second initial test, the second initial test is subject to the same
requirements as the first initial test.
11.10 Why must the initial test be calibrated?
The initial test must be calibrated to ensure and document the linearity of the assay
method over time in the concentration area of the cutoff. 
11.11 What are the quality control requirements when conducting an initial test?
(a) Each batch of specimens must contain the following types of QC samples:
(1) At least one control certified to contain no drug or metabolite;
(2) At least one control that has the concentration of the drug or metabolite at 25
percent above the cutoff concentration;
(3) At least one control that has the concentration of the drug or metabolite at 25
percent below the cutoff concentration; and 
(4) At least one blind control (or a minimum of 1 percent) inserted to appear as a donor
specimen to the laboratory analysts.
(b) At least 10 percent of the batch must be calibrators and controls.
(c) A laboratory must establish a procedure to ensure that any carryover that might occur
between aliquots during the initial testing is detectable and corrected.
11.12 What is a confirmatory test?
(a) A confirmatory test is an analytical procedure performed on a separate aliquot of the
specimen to identify the presence of a specific drug or metabolite.
(b) The procedure used must combine chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric
identification in the same procedure (e.g., GC/MS, LC/MS, GC/MS/MS, LC/MS/MS). 
(c) A confirmatory test must be validated before it can be used to test specimens.
11.13 What must a laboratory do to validate a confirmatory test method?
To validate a confirmatory test, the laboratory must demonstrate:
(1) The linear range of the analysis;
(2) The limit of detection;
(3) The limit of quantitation;
(4) The accuracy and precision at the cutoff concentration;
(5) The accuracy and precision at 40 percent of the cutoff concentration; and
(6) The potential for interfering substances.
11.14 Why must the confirmatory test be calibrated?
The confirmatory test must be calibrated to ensure and document the linearity of the
assay method over time in the concentration area of the cutoff. 
11.15 What are the quality control requirements when conducting a confirmatory test?
(a) Each batch of specimens must contain the following types of QC samples:
(1) A single-point calibrator at the cutoff;
(2) At least one control certified to contain no drug or metabolite;
(3) At least one control that has the concentration of the drug or metabolite at 25
percent above the cutoff concentration;
(4) At least one control that has the concentration of the drug or metabolite at 40
percent of the cutoff concentration; and
(5) At least one control in every batch must be blind. 
(b) The linear range, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation must be documented
and periodically re-evaluated for each confirmatory test.
(c) A laboratory must establish a procedure to ensure that any carryover that might occur
between aliquots in the confirmatory batch is detectable and corrected. 
11.16 Is a laboratory allowed to conduct any additional tests on a specimen?
(a) A laboratory is permitted to conduct additional tests to determine the validity of a
specimen.
(b) The validity tests that may be used will depend on the type of specimen being tested.

(c) Specific guidance on conducting validity tests is described in NLCP program
documents.
(d) No further testing of a negative specimen for drugs is permitted and the specimen
must either be discarded or pooled for use in the laboratory's internal quality control
program. 
11.17 What are the requirements for a laboratory to report the test result for a
specimen?
(a) The laboratory must report the test result within 5 (on average) working days after
receipt of the specimen.
(b) A specimen identified as positive for a drug or metabolite on an initial test must be
confirmed positive before a positive result can be reported to the MRO.
(c) The laboratory may report only that a specimen is positive without including the
concentration of the drug unless the MRO specifically requests the concentration. 
(d) The laboratory can only report a test result to an MRO.
(e) The laboratory may transmit results to the MRO by various electronic means (e.g.,
facsimile, computer) in a manner designed to ensure the confidentiality of the
information, the security of the data transmission, and limit access to any data
transmission, storage, and retrieval system.
(f) A hard copy of the CCF must be sent to the MRO when the result is reported as either
positive for a specific drug, adulterated, substituted, rejected for testing, or invalid
result.
(g) A facsimile or electronic report is sufficient to report a negative result. 
(h) A test result may not be provided telephonically; however, the MRO may call the
laboratory to discuss a result.
(i) The laboratory may also send the MRO a separate laboratory report that gives
additional information (e.g., cutoffs) for the specimen tested.
(j) A laboratory must use its own form to report the results for the retesting of a
single specimen.
11.18 How long must a laboratory retain a specimen?
(a) A laboratory must retain a specimen that was reported either positive, adulterated,
substituted, diluted, rejected for testing, or invalid result for a minimum of 1 year.
(b) A retained specimen must be kept in a secured location that is appropriate for that
type of specimen (e.g., frozen storage for urine) to ensure its availability for any
necessary retesting during an administrative or judicial proceeding.
(c) Within the 1-year storage period, a Federal agency may request a laboratory to retain
a specimen for an additional period of time. If no such request is received, a specimen
may be discarded. 
11.19 How long must a laboratory retain records?
(a) A laboratory must retain all records generated to support test results for at least 2
years.
(b) A Federal agency may request the laboratory to maintain records associated with a
particular specimen under legal challenge for an indefinite period.
11.20 Can a laboratory store records electronically?
(TO BE DETERMINED)
11.21 What summary report must a laboratory provide to a Federal agency?
(a) A laboratory must provide a semi-annual summary report to a Federal agency for which
it tests specimens, but must not include any personal identifying information for the
specimens tested. 
(b) The summary report must contain the following information:
(1) Total number of specimens reported
(2) Number of specimens grouped by reason for test
A. Random
B. All others combined
(3) Number of specimens rejected for testing 
(4) Number of specimens reported:
(a) Positive for each drug
(b) Adulterated
(c) Substituted
NOTE: We are currently evaluating the need for this report. 
11.22 What information is available to the donor?
(a) A Federal employee who is the subject of a drug test may, upon written request
through the Agency and the MRO, have access to a documentation package.
(b) The documentation package is limited to copies of the analytical data for the donor's
specimen and associated quality control samples, chain of custody records, and other
administrative documents generated during the handling and testing of the donor's
specimen that support the test result reported by the laboratory.
11.23 What type of relationship is prohibited between a laboratory and an MRO?
Refer to Subpart N, 14.3
11.24 What information must a certified laboratory provide to its private sector
clients?
When a certified laboratory uses procedures that are different from those for which it is
certified to test private sector client specimens, it must inform the private sector
client that its specimens are not being tested under the Guidelines and are not subject
to review by the NLCP. 
Subpart L - Point of Collection Test (POCT) 
12.1 What is a Point of Collection Test?
A point of collection test (POCT) is an initial test conducted at the collection site for
either the presence of drugs or to determine specimen validity.
12.2 What types of POCT devices are there?
POCT devices are:
(a) Non-instrumented for which the endpoint result is obtained by visual evaluation
(i.e., read by human eye); or
(b) Instrumented for which the endpoint result is obtained by instrumental evaluation
(e.g., densitometer, spectrophotometer).
12.3 What are the requirements for a POCT device?
(a) The POCT device must be cleared by the FDA.
(b) Validation studies must be completed prior to placing a new lot in service.
(c) The POCT device must be included on the SAMHSA/HHS Conforming Products List.
12.4 Who may conduct the POCT?
(a) A certified collector must collect the specimen. The specimen may be transferred
under chain of custody if the specimen is going to be tested by another individual.
(b) A trained tester under the supervision of a Responsible Technician must perform the
test.
12.5 What are the qualifications for the person who performs a POCT? 
(a) The person who performs the POCT must be a certified collector.
(b) Additionally, this person must be trained in the use of the specific device/system
used to perform the POCT.
(c) This training must be documented in the tester's personnel file. 
12.6 What are the responsibilities of a Responsible Technician?
The Responsible Technician (RT) must fulfill the following responsibilities:
(a) Manage the day-to-day operations of the POCT facility even where another individual
has overall responsibility for an entire multi-specialty laboratory.
(b) Ensure that there are enough personnel with adequate training and experience to
conduct the work of the POCT facility. The RT must ensure the continued competency of
testing facility personnel by documenting their in-service training, reviewing their work
performance, and verifying their skills.
(c) Maintain a complete, current SOP manual that is available for personnel performing
tests, and followed by those personnel. The SOP manual must be reviewed, signed, and
dated by the RT whenever procedures are first placed into use or changed or when a new
individual assumes responsibility for management of the POCT facility.
(d) Maintain a quality assurance program to assure the proper performance and reporting
of all test results; monitor acceptable analytical performance for all controls and
standards; monitor quality control testing; document the validity, reliability, accuracy,
precision, and performance characteristics of each device/system used at that testing
facility.
(e) Implement all remedial actions necessary to maintain satisfactory operation and
performance of the testing facility in response to quality control systems not being
within performance specifications, errors in result reporting or in analysis of
performance testing results. This individual must ensure that sample results are not
reported until all corrective actions have been taken and he or she can assure that the
results provided are accurate and reliable.
(f) Qualify as a certified collector and tester for the POCT devices used at that testing
facility.
12.7 Which specimen types may be tested using a POCT? 
(a) Urine 
(b) Oral fluid (Saliva) 
12.8 What are the cutoff concentrations when using a POCT?
(a) The cutoff concentration for POCTs are the same as those for laboratory based tests.
The cutoff concentrations are listed in Subpart C of these Guidelines. 
12.9 May the donor observe the POCT being performed?
No, the donor must leave prior to performing the test.
12.10 What are the requirements for conducting a POCT? 
(a) A POCT is performed on an aliquot of the specimen that has been separated from the
specimen.
(b) The POCT is performed after the specimen is sealed.
(c) Chain of custody must be maintained and documented for the specimen and any aliquot
used for the POCT.
(d) A specimen that tests negative must be discarded unless it is submitted as part of
the quality assurance program.
(e) The certified collector/tester under the supervision of a Responsible Technician must
report the test result to the MRO. 
12.11 What are the quality control requirements when conducting a POCT?
(a) Each day testing is performed, the following types of QC samples must be analyzed:
(1) At least one control certified to contain no drug or metabolite; and
(2) At least one control that has the concentration of the drugs or metabolites at 25
percent above the cutoff concentration.
(b) Minimum of 1 specimen out of every twenty specimens screened negative (5%) must be
submitted to an HHS certified laboratory as part of a Quality Assurance Program.
12.12 What are the application requirements for a POCT Provider?
(a) An individual must submit an application to become an HHS certified POCT provider.
(b) The application form requires the applicant to furnish detailed information on both
the administrative and analytical procedures that will be used for testing regulated
specimens after becoming certified.
(c) The application form is available on the following website:
www.health.org/workpl.htm
12.13 What are the qualitative and quantitative specifications for PT samples that are
used to evaluate a POCT provider?
(a) A PT sample is a sample that may contain:
(1) The drugs and/or metabolites in the drug classes that each laboratory must have the
capability to test for;
(2) Both the parent drug and/or its major metabolite(s); or
(3) More than one drug class (but generally no more than two drug classes) to imitate
real donor specimens.
(b) The concentration of the drugs and/or metabolites in a PT sample may be:
(1) At least 50 percent above the cutoff concentration for the initial test; or
(2) At another concentration for a special purpose.
(c) A negative PT sample may not contain a measurable amount of a target drug and/or
metabolite.
(d) A PT sample may contain an interfering substance(s).
(e) For each PT cycle, the set of PT samples going to each POCT provider will vary but,
within each calendar year, each POCT provider will have analyzed the same total set of
samples. 
(f) The POCT provider must, to the greatest extent possible, handle and test a PT sample
in a manner identical to that used for a donor specimen, unless otherwise specified. 
(g) The POCT provider must report the result for PT sample to the certifying organization
in the same manner as specified for a donor specimen.
12.14 What are the inspection requirements for a POCT provider?
(a) An applicant POCT provider is inspected by at least one inspector.
(b) The inspector conducts an evaluation and review of all aspects of the POCT provider
procedures and collection facilities using the guidance provided by the Secretary.
(c) To become certified, an applicant POCT provider must satisfy the minimum requirements
as stated in these Guidelines.
12.15 Who may inspect a POCT provider?
(a) The Secretary, a Federal agency using a certified POCT provider, or the contractor
awarded the HHS inspection contract may inspect a POCT provider at any time.
(b) An individual may serve as an inspector if he or she satisfies the following
criteria:
(1) Has experience and an educational background similar to that required for either the
Responsible Technician as described in subpart L; 
(2) Has read and thoroughly understands the policies and requirements contained in these
Guidelines and in other program documents;
(3) Submits a resume and documentation of qualifications to HHS;
(4) Attends approved training; and 
(5) Submits an acceptable inspection report and has acceptable performance as a trainee
on an inspection. 
12.16 What happens if a POCT provider does not satisfy the minimum inspection
requirements? 
(a) If an applicant POCT provider fails to satisfy the requirements established for the
initial certification process, the applicant POCT provider must start the initial
certification process from the beginning.
(b) If a certified POCT provider fails to satisfy the minimum requirements, the POCT
provider is given a period of time (e.g., 5 or 30 working days depending on the nature of
the issue) to provide any explanation for its performance and evidence that any
deficiency has been corrected.
(c) A POCT provider's certification may be revoked, suspended, or no further action taken
depending on the seriousness of the errors and whether there is evidence that any
deficiency has been corrected and that current performance meets the requirements for a
certified POCT provider.
(d) A certified POCT provider may be required to undergo a special inspection or to test
additional PT samples, depending on the nature of the performance, to verify that any
deficiency has been corrected.
(e) If a POCT provider's certification is revoked or suspended, the POCT provider is not
permitted to test specimens for Federal agencies or federally regulated employers until
the suspension is lifted or the POCT provider has successfully completed the
certification requirements as a new applicant. 
12.17 Where is a list of recognized POCT providers published?
(a) A list of HHS certified POCT providers is published quarterly in the Federal
Register.
(b) The list of current HHS certified POCT providers is available at the following
website: 
(c) Applicant POCT provider are not included on the list.
12.18 Is a POCT provider allowed to conduct any additional tests on a specimen?
(a) A POCT provider is permitted to conduct any additional test to determine the validity
of a specimen.
(b) The validity tests that may be used will depend on the type of specimen being tested.

(c) Specific guidance on conducting validity tests is described in program documents.
(d) No further testing of a negative specimen for drugs is permitted and the specimen
must either be discarded or pooled for use in the point of collection provider's internal
quality control program. 
12.19 How long must a POCT provider retain a specimen?
(a) All non-negative specimens will be sent to a certified laboratory for any necessary
additional testing. 
(b) A POCT provider must retain negative specimens for a minimum of time needed to
accumulate a total of 20 specimens tested negative (5% of the specimens must be submitted
to an HHS certified laboratory to be tested). Must perform quality assurance (subpart L,
12.11) before discard of patient specimens. 
(c) A retained specimen must be kept in a secured location that is appropriate for that
type of specimen (e.g., refrigerated storage for urine) to ensure its availability for
any necessary retesting.
12.20 How long must a POCT provider retain records?
(a) A POCT provider must retain all records generated to support test results for at
least 2 years.
(b) A Federal agency may request the POCT provider to maintain records associated with a
particular specimen under legal challenge for an indefinite period.
12.21 Can a POCT provider store records electronically?
(TO BE DETERMINED)
12.22 What summary report must a Federal agency receive from a POCT provider?
(a) A POCT provider must submit a semi-annual summary report to a Federal agency for
which it tests specimens, but must not include any personal identifying information for
the specimens tested. 
(b) The summary report must contain the following information:
(1) Total number of specimens tested
(2) Number of specimens grouped by reason for test
(a) Random
(b) All others combined
(3) Number of specimens rejected for testing for the following reasons: 
(a) Fatal flaw, unsuitable (e.g. color, foreign objects, unusual odor )
(b) Insufficient quantity
(4) Number of specimens screened negative
(5) Number of specimens screened non-negative
NOTE: We are currently evaluating the need for this report. 
12.23 What type of relationship is prohibited between a POCT provider and a Medical
Review Officer?
Refer to Subpart N, 14.3
12.24 What type of relationship can exist between a POCT provider and an HHS certified
laboratory?
A POCT provider can freely enter into any relationship with an HHS certified laboratory.
12.25 What security measures must a POCT provider maintain?
(a) A POCT provider must control access to the drug testing facility and ensure that no
unauthorized individual can gain access to specimens, aliquots, or records.
(b) The collector/tester must maintain visual control of the specimen at all times during
the collection and POCT procedure.
12.26 What information is available to the donor?
(a) A Federal employee who is the subject of a drug test may, upon written request
through the Agency and the MRO, may have access to a documentation package.
(b) The documentation package is limited to copies of the analytical data for the donor's
specimen and associated quality control samples, chain of custody records, and other
administrative documents generated during the handling and testing of the donor's
specimen that support the test result reported by the POCT provider.
12.27 What is the minimum specimen volume collected for a POCT?
(TO BE DETERMINED)
12.28 What action may a Federal agency take when a POCT is non-negative?
( TO BE DETERMINED)
12.29 How is a POCT result reported to the Medical Review Officer?
(TO BE DETERMINED)
Subpart M - Instrumented Initial Test Facility
13.1 What is an Instrumented Initial Test Facility
An initial test facility is a remote site that meets all the laboratory requirements to
perform screen only testing. 
13.2 Are Laboratories that perform only initial tests allowed?
Yes
13.3 What is an instrumented initial test?
(a) An instrumented initial test is a device that is used to conduct initial tests for
drugs or for determining specimen validity. The data generated by the instrument is based
on calibrators and controls registered by the instruments detector.
(b) An instrumented initial test is a device that may include, but is not limited to, the
following techniques: immunoassay or chromatographic separation coupled with an
appropriate detector.
(c) An instrumented initial test is a device that must be validated with calibrators and
controls before it is used to test donor specimens. 
13.4 What types of initial test are there?
(a) POCT Device (either non-instrumented or instrumented). The endpoint result from this
device is obtained by visual evaluation (i.e., read by human eye or by instrumental
evaluation of an output).
(b) Instrumented initial test. The endpoint result from this device is obtained by
instrumental evaluation (e.g., densitometer, spectrophotometer)
13.5 What are the requirements for an Instrumented Initial Test Facility?
(a) The instrumented initial test device must be cleared by the FDA.
(b) Validation studies must be completed prior to placing a new lot in service.
(c) The validation procedure must demonstrate:
(1) The ability to differentiate positive and negative samples; 
(2) The performance of the test around the cutoff concentration; and
(3) The performance of the test results at several concentrations between 0 and 150
percent of the cutoff concentration;
(d) An initial test facility may conduct a second initial test prior to the confirmatory
test. If the initial test facility uses a second initial test, the second initial test is
subject to the same requirements as the first initial test.
13.6 Why must the instrumented initial test device be calibrated?
The instrumented initial test device must be calibrated to ensure and document the
linearity of the assay method over time in the concentration area of the cutoff. 
13.7 Who may conduct an instrumented initial test?
A trained tester under the supervision of a Responsible Technician must perform the
test.
13.8 What are the qualifications for the person who operates an instrumented initial
test? 
(a) The person who operates an instrumented initial test must be trained in the use of
the specific device/system used to perform an initial test.
(b) This training must be documented in the tester's personnel file. 
13.9 What are the responsibilities of a Responsible Technician?
The Responsible Technician (RT) must fulfill the following responsibilities:
(a) Manage the day-to-day operations of the instrumented initial test device facility
even where another individual has overall responsibility for an entire multi-specialty
laboratory.
(b) Ensure that there are enough personnel with adequate training and experience to
conduct and operate the work of the instrumented initial test device facility. The RT
must ensure the continued competency of testing facility personnel by documenting their
in-service training, reviewing their work performance, and verifying their skills.
(c) Maintain a complete, current SOP manual that is available for personnel performing
tests, and followed by those personnel. The SOP manual must be reviewed, signed, and
dated by the RT whenever procedures are first placed into use or changed or when a new
individual assumes responsibility for management of the instrumented initial test device
facility.
(d) Maintain a quality assurance program to assure the proper performance and reporting
of all test results; monitor acceptable analytical performance for all controls and
standards; monitor quality control testing; document the validity, reliability, accuracy,
precision, and performance characteristics of each device/system used at that testing
facility.
(e) Implement all remedial actions necessary to maintain satisfactory operation and
performance of the testing facility in response to quality control systems not being
within performance specifications, errors in result reporting or in analysis of
performance testing results. This individual must ensure that sample results are not
reported until all corrective actions have been taken and he or she can assure that the
results provided are accurate and reliable.
(f) Qualify as an operator of an instrumented initial test device used at that testing
facility.
13.10 Which specimen types may be tested using an instrumented initial test?
(a) Urine
(b) Oral fluid (saliva)
13.11 What are the cutoff concentrations when using an instrumented initial test?
The cutoff concentrations when using an instrumented initial test device are the same as
those for laboratory based tests. The cutoff concentrations are listed in Subpart C of
these Guidelines. 
13.12 What are the quality control requirements when conducting an instrumented initial
test?
(a) Each batch of specimens must contain the following types of QC samples:
(1) At least one control certified to contain no drug or metabolite;
(2) At least one control that has the concentration of the drug or metabolite at 25
percent above the cutoff concentration;
(3) At least one control that has the concentration of the drug or metabolite at 25
percent below the cutoff concentration; and 
(4) At least one blind control (or a minimum of 1 percent) inserted to appear as a donor
specimen to the laboratory analysts.
(b) At least 10 percent of the batch must be calibrators and controls.
(c) An instrumented initial test device provider must establish a procedure to ensure
that any carryover that might occur between aliquots during the initial testing is
detectable and corrected. 
13.13 What is the application requirements for an Instrumented Initial Test Facility?
(a) An initial test facility must submit an application in becoming an HHS certified
instrumented initial test facility.
(b) The application form requires the applicant initial test facility to furnish detailed
information on both the administrative and analytical procedures the initial test
facility proposes to use for testing regulated specimens after it is certified.
(c) The application form is available at the following website:
www.health.org/workpl.htm.
13.14 What are the qualitative and quantitative specifications for PT samples that are
used to evaluate an instrumented initial test facility? 
(a) A PT sample is a sample that may contain:
(1) The drugs and/or metabolites in the drug classes that each laboratory must have the
capability to test for;
(2) Both the parent drug and/or its major metabolite(s); or
(3) More than one drug class (but generally no more than two drug classes) to imitate
real donor specimens.
(b) The concentration of the drugs and/or metabolites in a PT sample may be:
(1) At least 50 percent above the cutoff concentration for the initial test; or
(2) At another concentration for a special purpose.
(c) A negative PT sample may not contain a measurable amount of a target drug and/or
metabolite.
(d) A PT sample may contain an interfering substance(s).
(e) For each PT cycle, the set of PT samples going to each initial test facility will
vary but, within each calendar year, each initial test facility will have analyzed the
same total set of samples. 
(f) The initial test facility must, to the greatest extent possible, handle and test a PT
sample in a manner identical to that used for a donor specimen, unless otherwise
specified. 
(g) The initial test facility must report the result for PT sample to the certifying
organization in the same manner as specified for a donor specimen.
13.15 What are the inspection requirements for an instrumented initial test facility?
(a) An applicant instrumented initial test facility is inspected by at least one
inspector.
(b) The inspector conducts an evaluation and review of all aspects of the instrumented
initial test facility procedures and collection facilities using the guidance provided by
the Secretary.
(c) To become certified, an applicant instrumented initial test facility must satisfy the
minimum requirements as stated in these Guidelines.
13.16 Who may inspect an instrumented initial test facility? 
(a) The Secretary, a Federal agency using a certified instrumented initial test facility,
or the contractor awarded the HHS program contract may inspect an instrumented initial
test facility at any time.
(b) An individual may serve as an inspector if he or she satisfies the following
criteria:
(1) Has experience and an educational background similar to that required for either the
Responsible Technician as described in subpart L; 
(2) Has read and thoroughly understands the policies and requirements contained in these
Guidelines and in other program documents;
(3) Submits a resume and documentation of qualifications to HHS;
(4) Attends program approved training; and
(5) Submits an acceptable inspection report and has acceptable performance as a trainee
on an inspection. 
13.17 What happens if an instrumented initial test facility does not satisfy the minimum
inspection requirements? 
a) If an applicant instrumented initial test facility fails to satisfy the requirements
established for the initial certification process, the applicant instrumented initial
test facility must start the initial certification process from the beginning.
(b) If a certified instrumented initial test facility fails to satisfy the minimum
requirements, the instrumented initial test facility is given a period of time (e.g., 5
or 30 working days depending on the nature of the issue) to furnish any explanation for
its performance and evidence that any deficiency has been corrected.
(c) An instrumented initial test facility's certification may be revoked, suspended, or
no further action taken depending on the seriousness of the errors and whether there is
evidence that any deficiency has been corrected and that current performance meets the
requirements for a certified instrumented initial test facility.
(d) A certified instrumented initial test facility may be required to undergo a special
inspection or to test additional PT samples, depending on the nature of the performance,
to verify that any deficiency has been corrected.
(e) If a instrumented initial test facility's certification is revoked or suspended, the
instrumented initial test facility is not permitted to test specimens for Federal
agencies or federally regulated employers until the suspension is lifted or the
instrumented initial test facility has successfully completed the certification
requirements as a new applicant. 
13.18 Where is a list of recognized instrumented initial test facilities published? 
(a) A list of current HHS certified instrumented initial test facilities is published
monthly in the Federal Register.
(b) A list of current HHS certified instrumented initial test facilities is available at
the following website: 
(c) Applicant instrumented initial test facilities are not included on the list.
13.19 Is an instrumented initial test facility allowed to conduct any additional tests on
a specimen? 
(a) An instrumented initial test facility is permitted to conduct any additional test to
determine the validity of a specimen.
(b) The validity tests that may be used will depend on the type of specimen being tested.

(c) Specific guidance on conducting validity tests is described in program documents.
(d) No further testing of a negative specimen for drugs is permitted and the specimen
must either be discarded or pooled for use in the instrumented initial test facility's
internal quality control program. 
13.20 How long must an instrumented initial test facility retain a specimen?
(a) Specimens that are negative by initial test may be discarded after batch requirements
are met as specified in 13.10. 
(b) A retained specimen must be kept in a secured location that is appropriate for that
type of specimen (e.g., refrigerated storage for urine) to ensure its availability for
any necessary retesting.
13.21 How long must an instrumented initial test facility retain records?
(a) An instrumented initial test facility must retain all records generated to support
test results for at least 2 years.
(b) A Federal agency may request the instrumented initial test facility to maintain
records associated with a particular specimen under legal challenge for an indefinite
period.
13.22 Can an instrumented initial test device provider store records electronically?
(TO BE DETERMINED)
13.23 What summary report must a Federal agency receive from an instrumented initial test
facility? 
(a) An instrumented initial test facility must furnish a semi-annual summary report to a
Federal agency for which it tests specimens, but must not include any personal
identifying information for the specimens tested. 
(b) The summary report must contain the following information:
(1) Total number of specimens reported.
(2) Number of specimens grouped by reason for test:
(a) Random
(b) All others combined
(3) Number of specimens rejected for testing grouped by the following reasons: 
(a) Fatal flaw, uncorrected flaw, or unsuitable(e.g. color, foreign objects, unusual
odor)
(b) Insufficient quantity
(c) Adulterated
(d) Substituted
(4) Number of specimens screened negative
(5) Number of specimens screened non-negative
NOTE: We are currently evaluating the need for this report.
13.24 What type of relationship is prohibited between an instrumented initial test
facility and a Medical Review Officer?
Refer to Subpart N, 14.3
13.25 What type of relationship can exist between an instrumented initial test facility
and an HHS certified laboratory?
An instrumented initial test facility can freely enter into any relationship with an HHS
certified laboratory.
13.26 What security measures must an instrumented initial test facility maintain?
(a) An instrumented initial test facility must control access to the drug testing
facility and ensure that no unauthorized individual can gain access to specimens,
aliquots, or records.
(b) An instrumented initial test facility must maintain a record that documents the
dates, time of entry and exit, and purpose of entry of authorized visitors accessing
secured areas.
(c) With the exception of personnel authorized to conduct inspections on behalf of
Federal, state, or other accrediting agencies for which the POCT provider is testing
specimens or on behalf of the Secretary or emergency personnel (e.g., firefighters and
medical rescue teams), all authorized visitors must be escorted at all times(e.g.
instrument service representatives, house cleaning crews). 
13.27 What is the minimum specimen volume collected for an instrumented initial test? 
(TO BE DETERMINED)
13.28 What action may a Federal agency take when an instrumented initial test is reported
as a non-negative?
(TO BE DETERMINED)
13.29 How is the instrumented initial test result reported to the Medical Review
Officer?
(TO BE DETERMINED)
Subpart N - Medical Review Officer (MRO)
14.1 Who may serve as an MRO?
(a) A licensed physician holding either a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of
Osteopathy (D.O.) degree with knowledge of substance abuse disorders.
(b) The MRO may be either an employee of the Federal agency or a contractor for the
Federal agency.
14.2 What are the responsibilities of an MRO?
(a) After receiving the result from the laboratory, an MRO must:
(1) Review the information on the MRO copy of the Federal CCF that was received from the
collector and the report received from the laboratory;
(2) Interview the donor when required;
(3) Make a determination regarding the test result; 
(4) Report the verified result to the Federal agency; and
(5) Maintain the records (for a minimum of 2 years) and the confidentiality of the
information.
(b) An MRO must become familiar with current Federal polices and procedures to ensure
that he or she is properly fulfilling the role of an MRO. 
(c) If there is any question as to the validity of a positive test result, only the MRO
is authorized to order a retest of a single specimen or the primary specimen from a split
specimen collection. The MRO may request that the retest be performed by the same
certified laboratory or a different certified laboratory.
(d) Before an MRO verifies a specimen positive for opiates, the MRO must determine that
there is clinical evidence of illegal use by the donor of an opium, opiate, or opium
derivative (e.g., morphine/codeine) listed in Schedule I or II of the Controlled
Substances Act. This requirement does not apply if the confirmatory procedure for opiates
confirms the presence of 6-acetylmorphine since the presence of this metabolite is proof
of heroin use.
(e) The MRO review process is described in the HHS MRO Manual for Federal Workplace Drug
Testing programs. It may be found at the following website: 
14.3 What type of relationship is prohibited between an MRO and a laboratory, POCT
provider, or an instrumented initial test facility?
(a) An MRO must not be an employee, agent of, or have any financial interest in a
laboratory, POCT provider, or an instrumented initial test facility for which the MRO is
reviewing drug testing results. 
(b) An MRO must not derive any financial benefit by having an agency use a specific drug
testing laboratory, POCT provider, or instrumented initial test facility or have any
agreement with the laboratory, POCT provider, or instrumented initial test facility that
may be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Subpart O - Single Specimen Retests and Split Specimen Tests
(This section needs to be expanded to address all types of specimens)
15.1 When may a single specimen or primary specimen be retested? 
Before an MRO makes a determination, the MRO is authorized to order a retest of a single
or a primary specimen if there is reason to believe that the test result reported by the
laboratory is incorrect.
15.2 When may a split specimen be tested?
(a) After making a determination for a primary specimen and reporting the result to the
Agency, a donor has the right to request through the MRO that the split specimen be
tested for the same result as was reported by the laboratory for the primary specimen.
(b) A donor has 72 hours to initiate the request after being informed by the MRO that a
non-negative result was reported to the Agency. 
15.3 How does a laboratory handle the retesting of a single specimen or the testing of a
split specimen?
The retesting of a single specimen or the testing of a split specimen is not subject to
using the testing cutoff concentrations established for the original testing of a
specimen. The laboratory is only required to provide data that is sufficient to confirm
the presence of the drug or drug metabolite that was reported present in the original
testing of a single specimen or the primary specimen for a split specimen collection. 
15.4 Who receives the single specimen retest result or the split specimen result?
A laboratory must transmit the result directly to the MRO. 
15.5 What happens when a single specimen retest or split specimen result does not
reconfirm the original test result?
(a) The MRO must cancel the test and inform the Agency that an immediate collection of
another specimen is permitted in order to obtain a valid test result.
(b) The MRO an/or Agency contacts the appropriate regulatory office with details of the
failure to reconfirm that are needed by the regulatory office to conduct an investigation
into the cause of the failure to reconfirm.
15.6 How long must a laboratory retain a split specimen?
A split specimen is retained for the same period of time that a primary specimen is
retained and under the same storage conditions.
Subpart P - Problems with Drug Tests 
(This section needs to be expanded to address all types of specimens)
16.1 What problems will always result in a laboratory not testing a specimen?
(a) The following problems are considered to be fatal flaws: 
(1) The specimen ID number on the specimen received by the laboratory does not match the
number on the CCF;
(2) There is no specimen ID number on the specimen received by the laboratory; 
(3) The tamper-evident seal on the specimen is received broken; or
(4) There is insufficient specimen to conduct the required analyses.
(b) A laboratory receiving such a specimen with a fatal flaw will not test the specimen
and will report the reason to the MRO.
16.2 What problems will result in a laboratory not reporting a drug test result unless
the problem is corrected?
(a) The following problems are considered to be correctable errors:
(1) The collector fails to complete the chain of custody step (e.g., no signature, no
date or time of collection); 
(2) All information on the CCF is not properly provided (e.g., a phone number is
missing); or
(3) A required box is not marked (e.g., the reason for test is not marked).
(b) When this type of error occurs, the laboratory must contact the collector to
determine if the collector can provide a written memorandum attesting to the fact that he
or she did actually carry out the required action but inadvertently forgot to properly
document the CCF.
(c) If the discrepancy or error of omission cannot be corrected, the laboratory must not
report a drug test result.
Subpart Q - Laboratory Suspension/Revocation Procedures
(This section needs to be expanded to address all types of facilities)
17.1 When may a certified laboratory be suspended?
(a) When there is reason to believe that immediate action is necessary to protect the
interests of the United States and its employees (i.e, imminent harm).
(b) The existence of imminent harm may be identified through the NLCP PT and inspection
programs, blind samples, or information obtained by an MRO. 
17.2 When may a laboratory's certification be revoked?
(a) When there is evidence that the laboratory is unable to ensure either the reliability
and accuracy of drug tests or the accurate reporting of test results.
(b) The following reasons may be considered in revoking a laboratory's certification:
(1) Unsatisfactory performance in analyzing and reporting a donor drug test result;
(2) Unsatisfactory participation in the NLCP;
(3) Violation of a Federal agency contract;
(4) Conviction of a criminal offense; or
(5) Any other cause which affects the ability of the laboratory to ensure the full
reliability and accuracy of donor drug test results.
17.3 What is the procedure when a laboratory is suspended?
(a) The Administrator, SAMHSA, or the Administrator's designee (e.g., Director, Division
of Workplace Programs) notifies a laboratory in writing that its certification is
suspended.
(b) The laboratory has 5 days from the date of the notification to respond in writing
with a plan to take corrective action to prevent the recurrence of the error that caused
the laboratory to be suspended.
(c) The laboratory's plan of corrective action will be reviewed and a determination made
as to its acceptability in correcting the problem.
(d) The laboratory will be required to submit revised plans of corrective action until a
plan is determined to be acceptable.
(e) After the approved corrective action plan has been completed, the laboratory must
submit in writing a letter, including appropriate supporting documents.
(f) If the supporting documents and corrective action are complete, the Administrator's
designee will recommend lifting the laboratory's suspension. 
17.4 What is the procedure when there is a proposal to revoke a laboratory's
certification?
(a) The Administrator, SAMHSA, or the Administrator's designee (e.g., Director, Division
of Workplace Programs) notifies a laboratory in writing that there is a proposal to
revoke its certification.
(b) The laboratory has 30 days from the date of the notification to respond in writing
with a plan to take corrective action to prevent the recurrence of the error(s) that
caused the proposal to revoke the laboratory's certification.
(c) The laboratory's plan of corrective action will be reviewed and a determination made
as to its acceptability in correcting the error(s).
(d) The laboratory will be required to submit revised plans of corrective action until a
plan is determined to be acceptable.
(e) After the approved corrective action plan has been completed, the laboratory must
submit in writing a letter, including appropriate supporting documents.
(f) If the supporting documents and corrective action are complete, the Administrator's
designee will recommend removing the proposal to revoke the laboratory's certification. 
17.5 Where are notices of laboratory actions published?
(a) A notice is published in the Federal Register listing the name and address of any
certified laboratory that has its certification suspended or revoked. 
(b) The notice will state the reason for the immediate suspension or revocation.
(c) A notice is published in the Federal Register when the suspension is lifted.
Bibliography
(a) A notice is published in the Federal Register listing the name and address of any
certified laboratory that has its certification suspended or revoked. 
(b) The notice will state the reason for the immediate suspension or revocation.
(c) A notice is published in the Federal Register when the suspension is lifted.